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Oh, I just remembered. What had prompted that interview and that story was the introduction of replay. A theory was that, because the umps were suddenly conscious of the replay, and how it could reveal they had missed a call--however innocently--it was causing them to anticipate too often. And, yes, it's a whole different thing than the home-plate umps seeing a ball or strike.

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Brilliant again, Zach.

I stumbled onto what possibly is another factor a few years ago when I interviewed a vision expert who said that umpires, on really close calls such an infield plays to first, could be susceptible to anticipating what was going to happen a split-second before it happened.

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Fascinating! Fortunately, baseball now has replay for bang-bang plays in the field. Alas, balls and strikes are still in the judgment domain of the HP ump

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Fascinating Zach, and kudos for linking to the late and great Daniel Khanamen and Amos Tversky's brilliant work!

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thanks! invariably, so many great, relatable behavioral observations can be traced back to them

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